Other scholars in the field have addressed this issue-not surprisingly, since the U.S. policymakers applied the ‘lessons’ of the US aid program to Bolivia more broadly.

aid program towards Latin America, and the ‘high tide’ of the application of modernization theory to the Third World- he does not specifically address the question of whether U.S. Bolivian aid program foreshadowed the Alliance for Progress (1961-1969)-a very generous U.S. policymakers consciously thought that Bolivia was a ‘test case’-that is, could the Bolivian experience be applied other places? Although Young does discuss how the 1950s U.S. Young might have focused more attention on the issue of how much U.S. As the MNR dissolved, it became increasingly difficult to forge a revolutionary consensus on policy, let alone a national vision for Bolivia.

assistance was, in general, ‘tied aid’) Moreover, the Plan represented a turning point in recent Bolivian history- the beginning of the end of the tenuous unity of the leftist and moderate factions in the MNR. (In the parlance of economic assistance, U.S. stipulations on Latin American economic behavior – loosening/eliminating restrictions on the flow of trade and capital in particular. economic assistance to Latin American from the 1960s to the present-generous assistance for some countries, coupled with U.S. Such plans would become de rigueur by the 1980s, and very much affected the trajectory of Third-World history in the late twentieth century. (Young uses the term “stabilization” in the title of his article, but I think the term “stability/ austerity plan” is more accurate.) Briefly, the stabilization/austerity plan (or, more simply, Plan) required Bolivia to terminate social reforms, curtail government intervention in the economy, and vastly reduce the money supply, in exchange for significant U.S. The stabilization/austerity plan was the first time that an economic stability/austerity plan was implemented (imposed?) on a Third-World nation. Young’s article is particularly important on many levels. policy significantly changed the course of the Bolivian Revolution, and that the most vulnerable members of Bolivian society (the working class and poor) paid the greatest portion of the costs of this changed Revolution. leaders wanted to promote a labor system in which labor was more malleable and quiescent as compared to the powerfully assertive labor movement of the recently-triumphant Central Obrero Boliviano (COB), or National Workers’ Movement, which (at least in the 1950s) was fostered by, and worked closely with, the ruling Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR), or the Nationalism Revolutionary Movement, which governed Bolivia from 1952-1964. “Free-market” meant that the (Bolivian) state would have minimal impact on economic activity-and any impact was to facilitate private-sector investment. That mission was to foster an open free-market capitalist system-open to outside, especially United States, trade, investment, and, more broadly, influence. policymakers in Bolivia in the mid-to-late-1950s. Kevin Young’s article, “Purging the Forces of Darkness…” does a very good job of discussing the core mission of U.S. “Purging the Forces of Darkness: The United States, Monetary Stabilization, and the Containment of the Bolivian Revolution”. Furthermore, Satan has an inside agent within every person, which is the sinful nature which naturally resonates with all that is sinful and prideful.Article Review Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane LabrosseĬommissioned for H-Diplo by Thomas Maddux These are all things external to us, but which are intended to penetrate our thoughts and impact our values, speech and practices. Satan’s system is philosophical, social, political, economic, religious, and cultural. These people help make up Satan’s world-system that seeks to envelop and enslave everyone it can.

In addition to these fallen angels, Satan also has useful idiots-unbelievers and carnal Christians-who assist him in his efforts. They are behind every act of terror the world has ever known, they do not relent of their activities, and they are not reformable. Satan and his fallen angels knowingly and intentionally attack. The assaults ultimately come from Satan who has well developed strategies of warfare and demonic soldiers to command.

It is something we intentionally put on and use to defend ourselves when we come under attack. In his letter to the church at Ephesus, the apostle Paul set forth the Christian armor which, in many ways, is a picture of the healthy Christian life.

The forces of darkness